Ultrasonic module is shaped generally small size of the electronic board with multiple electronic circuits and 2 transducer. 2 pieces of this transducer, one serves as a transmitter and another as a receiver. There are also modules that only have 1 piece transducer, transmitter and receiver function as well. Available pin VCC, Trig, ECHO and GND. There are also modules TRIG pin and ECHO was merged into one and use the other.
Ultrasonic module works by generating sound waves at high frequencies, which are then emitted by the transmitter. The reflection of sound waves in front of the object will be captured by the receiver. By knowing the length of time between the sound waves radiated until arrested again, we can calculate the distance of objects in front of the module. We know the speed of sound is 340m/detik. The length of the sound wave travel time multiplied by the speed of sound, then divided by 2 will yield the distance between the ultrasonic module with objects in front of him.